Story of Bali, Indonesia

In general the Balinese culture reinforces suppression of emotion: the better one can control emotion (bayu sabda idep), the better one is considered to be. Violence sometimes occurs but is atypical. The Balinese are also noted for their lack of overt sexual behaviour in public: they are never seen to kiss or hug and couples do not hold hands. To do so would be impolite and unacceptable.30 Sexy and seductive behaviour is, however, seen in some dance and drama. However, affection between peers is common in public: males and females of all ages may hold hands with persons of the same sex as they walk. Warm affectionate hugs and embraces are lavished on little children. An observer can easily sense the interpersonal warmth, the opposite of schizoid behaviour, in a Balinese.

Passive acceptance (B: nrima, meaning receive; 1: menerima) is a mechanism of adjustment to life situations that one regards as unchangeable or for which there are no perceived alternatives, i.e., I nothing can be done about it'. If the Balinese must wait a long time for personal service or are stuck in a traffic jam, they may experience a brief period of negative feelings but then this is followed by a sense of resignation; they do not become resentful or attempt to avoid the delay. They are patient in the face of what many Westerners would regard as frustrating inconveniences. The Balinese do not think in terms of changing the system or implementing measures to prevent such inconveniences from occurring. This pertains to private and public issues, including increased taxation, a 30 per cent government hike in electricity rates, and frequent interruptions in public services such as electricity and water. 'Mere is little personal reaction and there are no public protests. Similarly, the university students do not dissent or demonstrate. While the absence of dissent may be considered a custom, the authors postulate that it owes something to personality.

Passive acceptance results in minimizing the degree of anger and. frustration which could otherwise be experienced as strum Westerners are markedly different in their reaction to inconvenience or perceived unfairness, and are quick to complain or express public' outcry. It is the contention of the authors that passive acceptance is learned early in life by parents' admonitions to accept gracefully the words of the elders and the ways things are done, without expressing disagreement, argument, or protest

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