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Story
of Bali, Indonesia
The
biopsychosocial model of human behavior includes biological,
social, and psychological factors, which all interact
throughout the life of individuals, as determinants
of behavior (and illness) (Engel, 1977; Fink, 1988).
The climate and ecology (e.g., plains. forests inhabited
by dangerous wild animals, or animals of prey) also
shape behavior patterns. Studies of ethologic and animal
behavior draw attention to evolution as an influence
on human behavior patterns (Hinde, 1974; Jensen, 1980).
It
may seem curious why the Balinese themselves have not
cited, critiqued, or protested the issue of climax as
elaborated by Bateson, Mead, C. Geertz, and others.
Two explanations were offered by Balinese anthropologists:
(1) the traditional politeness of the Balinese; and
(2) difficulties in understanding English writing, particularly
the styles of certain author's*."Me latter seems
more likely.
It is curious that lack or presence of climax, in the
sense described by Bateson and Mead, has not been reported
as characteristic of other cultures the question arises
as to whether it I, as been seriously considered by
other ethnographers.
As
with the kotekan, it is best to practice drum parts
with a friend in order to get the effect of the interlocking.
In addition to singing them, try using the more percussive
sounds obtained by substituting a handclap for dag and
dug and a slap of the chest or thigh for kap and pak.
As you build up to the complete pattern try working
on just beats 1-4, repeating them cyclically. Just this
much, played twice to fill a full eight-beat cycle,
is the other, Ampler, Baris kendang pattern mentioned
above. Its resultant should sound as follows, with claps
taking.
All
these remains show that art was more advanced than in
the previous period. The patterns and pictures engraved
on them have become better and more complicated. The
people were also fond of dressing themselves up as is
obvious from the various ornaments. The fact that their
art is more advanced can be taken to indicate that dancing
in the Metal Age must also have been more advanced and
refined than that of the Stone Age
Pay
close attention to the "double" dag and dug
strokes marked A and B above. These are the only places
where the regular one-to-one alternation of strokes
between the kendang is disturbed. The effect is to make
the drums exchange positions with respect to the kempli
beat, thereby adding extra energy and syncopation to
the music. This also makes the patterns tougher to play,
however, so persevere. Take consolation in the fact
that many Balinese drummers spend the better part of
their lives perfecting Baris patterns.While in the Stone
Age dancing was perhaps accompanied only by cheering
and handclapping, from the Metal remains have been found
which relate to more advanced dancing, viz. the bronze
drums.
While
in the Stone Age dancing was perhaps accompanied only
by cheering and handclapping, from the Metal remains
have been found which relate to more advanced dancing,
viz. the bronze drums.
These
bronze drums have been found in various regions of Indonesia,
among others in java,,Sumatra, Bali and on some islands
of Nusa Tenggara.
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