Story of Bali, Indonesia

In' attempts to replicate the above data, the authors observed countless episodes of structured and naturalistic mother-child interaction specifically looking for the bior in question. They conducted observations in homes at Bayung Gede, in the plains villages, and, at a 1arge gathering of mothers and babies in Bayung Gede. Twelve mother-child couples were videotaped, all with infant and small children who were at the banjar attending a health education meeting. The camera was placed unobtrusively. It was dear from the recorded behavior that it did not affect the,subjects behavior.

In none of the above sessions did the authors observe the behavior in question. Suryani could not recall it from her, personal experience. The authors considered: several interpretations of the about data and their, negative results: (1) Bateson and Mead observation were peculiar to the mothers of Bayung Gede; and (4) the pattern dropped: out of culture.

The first two seem distinct possible. If the third possibility were the case one could not generalize to Balinese character. The last possibility is-unlike because, mother,-child patterns of significance are very slow, to change. For, example, the mother teasing game has persisted. Since the authors were unable to replicate Bateson; and Mead's observations, serious doubt is cast on the assertion that, the pattern, of child withdrawal and lack of climax plays a significant role as, at determinant of an, emotionally unresponsive personally or culture with out climax.

Bateson and Mead cited data on the infant, Karba, and his mother as a primary example of the mother interrupting climax, a behavior which they believed produced a personality with schizoid characteristics. The authors follow-up evaluation of Karba at 52 years of age provided evidence against the validity of their theory: Karba did not grow up to develop a schizoid personality, or personality characteristics resembling a schizoid personality.

More than a decade after the. Balinese studies, when Bateson developed the double-bind theory of the etiology and basic process involved in schizophrenia he referred to the photographs of a Balinese mother breaking climax as an example of double-bind behavior. In brief, the double-bind theory holds that a pathologic and/or pathogenic pattern of communication occurs in schizophrenic families in which one person signals a desire for a kind of behavioral response from another and then counter-responds to the evoked behavior by rejecting it. It is as if one were to say to another 'I want this' and when the person responds accordingly to counter respond by saying 'I didn't -want that and you were wrong', in effect, creating a-situation in which the respondent cannot-win. It appears that many years after the Balinese study, Bateson still believed in schizophrenogenic characteristics of Balinese mothers. In the 1960s the double-bind theory of schizophrenia was quite popular among American psychiatrists but today there are few adherents.

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