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What
Indonesia - Bali is all about ?
It
is a curious fact that no place will admit to having
been responsible for the first Djanger. The north of
Bali says it came from the south; the south attributes
it to the north. If Bali makes Lombok responsible, Lombok
says it learnt from Bali; and an old man at Taman Intaran
on the south coast near Denpasar says authoritatively
that the first Djanger came from Noesa Penida. Probably
the various stages in its development given below would
be questioned by certain other people who positively
remember the first coming of Djanger, and can tell you
categorically in what month of 1930 it arrived complete
with boys and girls and Daag. This only means that everything
in Bali has its exception. To us it is comparatively
unimportant to know through what stages it passed, to
reach what is probably not even yet its final form.
It would seem that
somewhere between ten and twenty years ago the small
seated groups of men and boys who formed part of the
rhythmic and vocal accompaniment to the Sanghyang trance-dance
broke away from their subservience to the temple and
set off on a career of their own. We have already seen
their development in one direction into the Ketjaks,
whose name perpetuates the sound yak which occurred
again and again in the rhythmic accompaniment. Djanger
means 'humming', and the name comes from the hummed
or murmured background to the entranced girl dancers.
The first stage in the development of Djanger was the
singing of Sanghyang songs by boys, sitting in two rows
facing each other, with food and offerings between them:
one row took the part now taken by the girl singers,
swaying and moving their hands while they sang; the
other, representing the yaks, developed the more exciting
rhythmic movements and gestures which had characterized
the seated circles in the Sanghyang
The
trance dancing, of course, still went on with the same
vocal and rhythmic accompaniment as before; but the
yaks were definitely launched on a new and independent
path.
The second step was the substitution of a square formation
for the two rows; twelve yaks faced each other in two
rows of six, and the twelve singers were similarly divided.
The final stage was the substitution of real girls for
boys in the singing rows. They continued to sing and
weave patterns with their hands, sitting between their
folded knees, while the boys, cross-legged, developed
ever stranger sequences of rhythmic movements and ejaculated
sounds. A new character was next introduced in the person
of the Daag, who, sitting in the middle of the square,
acted as a kind of master of ceremonies.
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