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Story
of Bali, Indonesia
The
Vedic deities, in most cases personifications of natural
personifications, had to give way to Brahman, the One,
Unchanged, Absolute and Attribute less Being. If this
absolute being is regarded as tile metaphysical background
of all that exists, and of all individual living beings,
then it is termed Atman. From ingenious theological
speculations about the relationship between the self
- atman- and tile divine universe - brahman - whereby
tile question arises to what extent the soul of the
individual has an existence district from Brahman, there
developed the doctrine of tile transmigration of souls,
samsara.
This
forms the nucleus of the Hindu and Buddhist outlook
on life and the world in general.
The
excessive power of the priests, based upon a barren
ritualism, eventually called forth strong forces of
reaction. A religious crisis ensued, and many sects
sprang up with their own conceptions of doctrine, which
inter alia contested the meaning of tile sacrificial
ritual and rejected the authority of the priests. Two
of these developed into independent religions: Buddhism
and Jainism. Buddhism has become one of the great world
religions, and has exerted a strong influence upon Indonesia.
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