Malay became the 'lingua franca' of Indonesia, and to a considerable extent even in Java, where it found support from the Dutch.

Islam did not penetrate into Java until the 5th century. This island, too, maintained vigorous contact with Gujarat. The earliest known Mohammedan tomb in Java that of Malik lbrahirn (1419), is also of the type found in Cambay. The Muslims who spread Nam by their personal influence described it as a mysterious and mystical doctrine. Thus the spread of the new religion was greatly facilitated, as has al. ready been pointed out. Mysticism is also suggested by the name given to the apostles of the new faith: wali, an abbreviation for wali Ullah, one close to God.

In some villages in the south-west the western Javanese angklung is met with.

We also come across the rebana here, as is usual in Islamic areas. Furthermore, mention should be made of a long bamboo flute with six holes, a primitive oboe in the shape of the serunai to which reference has already been made, as well as a large drum with two heads, the larger of which is beaten with a curved stick, but the smaller one with the hand. Besides these relatively melodious instruments a large a timber of objects are used in southern Celebes to make noises to exorcize evil spirits, particularly it the birth of princes children.

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